Yugoslav Nonalignment:
A Bibliography

This is a bibliography of sources relating to (Yugoslav) nonalignment and the Nonaligned Movement. The list will be continually updated. Most of these sources were used for the series about the Nonaligned Movement on the Remembering Yugoslavia podcast; the rest complete the literature while additional online sources for the series are linked in each episode transcript page.

  • Abraham, Itty. “From Bandung to NAM: Non-alignment and Indian Foreign Policy, 1947-65.” Commonwealth & Comparative Politics Vol. 46 No. 2 (2008): 195–219
  • Andonova Elena & María Cristina García González. “Beyond the curtain: the impact of political non alignment on the urban reconstruction of Skopje.” Planning Perspectives (2024) 
  • Baker, Catherine. Race and the Yugoslav Region: Postsocialist, Post-conflict, Post-colonial? Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2018
  • Bernard, Sara & Agustín Cosovschi. “Cooperation, Migration and Development: Yugoslavia and the Southern Cone in the Postwar Period.” In: Maria Damilakou and Yannis Papadopoulos, eds. Migration and Development in Southern Europe and South America. New York: Routledge, 2022
  • “Beyond and Between the Cold War Blocs.” The International History Review Vol. 37, No. 5 – Special Issue (2015): 901–1013
  • Bogetić, Dragan. Koreni jugoslovenskog opredeljenja za nesvrstanost. Beograd: Institut za savremenu istoriju, 1990
  • __________. Nova strategija spoljne politike Jugoslavije 1956–1961. Beograd, 2006
  • __________. “Jugoslovenski koncept nesvrstanosti i afro-azijske zemlje 1945–1961.” In: Srbija (Jugoslavija) 1945–2005. Pokreti, ideologije, praksa. Beograd: Institut za savremenu istoriju, 2006
  • __________. Jugoslovensko-američki odnosi 1961–1971. Beograd: Institut za savremenu istoriju, 2012
  • __________. “Jugoslovensko-američke nesuglasice oko koncepta novog međunarodnog ekonomskog poretka.” Istorija XX veka Vol. 32, No. 1 (2014)
  • __________. “Sukob Titovog koncepta univerzalizma i Sukarnovog koncepta regionalizma na Samitu nesvrstanih u Kairu 1964.” Istorija XX veka Vol. 35, No. 2 (2017)
  • __________. Nesvrstanost kroz istoriju – od ideje do pokreta. Beograd: Zavod za izdavanje udžbenika, 2019
  • Bogetić, Dragan & Ljubodrag Dimić. Beogradska konferencija nesvrstanih zemalja. 1–6. septembra 1961. Prilog istoriji Trećeg sveta. Beograd: Zavod za izdavanje udžbenika, 2013
  • Bonfiglioli, Chiara. “Women’s Internationalism and Yugoslav-Indian Connections: From the Non-Aligned Movement to the UN Decade for Women.” Nationalities Papers Vol. 49 No. 3 (2021): 446–461
  • Bott, Sandra et al., eds. Neutrality and Neutralism in the Global Cold War: Between or Within the Blocs? London/New York: Routledge, 2016
  • Broekmeyer, Marius J. “Self-Management in Yugoslavia.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Vol. 431 (1977): 133–140
  • Byrappa, Ramachandra. “Unpegging the Third Sphere of the World Order: India and Yugoslavia in the 1990s.” In: Nebojša Vuković, ed. David vs. Goliath: NATO war against Yugoslavia and its implications. Belgrade: Institute of International Politics and Economics, Faculty of Security Studies at the University of Belgrade, 2019, pp. 251–263
  • Čavoški, Jovan. “Arming Nonalignment: Yugoslavia’s Relations with Burma and the Cold War in Asia (1950–1955).” Cold War International History Project, Working Paper #61. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2010
  • __________. “Overstepping the Balkan boundaries: The lesser known history of Yugoslavia’s early relations with Asian countries (new evidence from Yugoslav/Serbian archives).” Cold War History Vol. 11, No. 4 (2011): 557–577
  • __________. “Distant countries, closest allies : Josip Broz Tito and Jawaharlal Nehru and the rise of global nonalignment.” NMML occasional paper. New Delhi: Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, 2015
  • __________. “‘Yugoslavia’s Help Was Extraordinary’: Political and Material Assistance from Belgrade to the MPLA in Its Rise to Power, 1961–1975.” Journal of Cold War Studies Vol. 21, No. 1 (2019): 125–150
  • __________. Non-Aligned Movement Summits: A History. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2022
  • Cosovschi, Agustín. “Searching for Allies in America’s Backyard: Yugoslav Endeavors in Latin America in the Early Cold War.” The International History Review Vol. 43 No. 2 (2020): 281–296
  • __________. “Seeing and Imagining the Land of Tito: Oscar Waiss and the Geography of Socialist Yugoslavia.” Balkanologie Vol. 17 No. 1 (2022): 1–15
  • __________. “In the Days of Tito and Allende, Yugoslavia Helped Define Chilean Socialism.” Jacobin, 01.15.2022
  • __________. “Clashing Visions of Non-alignment: The Origins of the Cuban-Yugoslav Conflict.” Cold War History Vol. 25 No 2 (2025): 197–217
  • Dimić, Natalija. “Achievements and Limitations of Yugoslavia’s Policy in Angola during the 1960s and 1970s.” Afriche et Orienti Vol. 19 No. 3 – International Solidarities and the Liberation of the Portuguese Colonies (2017): 9–30
  • Dimitrijević, Duško & Jovan Čavoški, eds. The 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement. Belgrade: Institute of International Politics and Economics, 2021
  • Đureinović, Jelena. “The Partisan Resistance Goes Global: Yugoslav Veterans and Decolonisation.” In: Elma Hašimbegović, Nicolas Moll & Ivo Pejaković, eds. Wer Ist Walter? International Perspectives on Resistance in Europe During World War II. Sarajevo: Historijski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine, 2024, pp. 403–422
  • __________. “Internationalizing the Revolution: Veterans and Transnational Cultures of Memory and Solidarity Between Yugoslavia and Algeria.” International Review of Social History Vol. 69 (2024): 139–158
  • Dinkel, Jürgen. The Non- Aligned Movement: Genesis, Organization and Politics (1927–1992). Translated from German by Alex Skinner. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, 2019
  • Estrin, Saul. “Yugoslavia: The Case of Self-Managing Market Socialism.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives Vol. 5, No. 4 (1991): 187–194
  • Flaherty, Diane. “Self-Management and the Future of Socialism: Lessons from Yugoslavia.” Science & Society Vol. 56, No. 1 – Socialism: Alternative Visions and Models (1992): 92–108
  • Foreign Affairs Vol. 102, No. 3 – The Nonaligned World: The West, the Rest, and the New Global Disorder (May/June 2023)
  • Green, Bridget. “The Non-Aligned Movement in Perspective.” Sheffield Papers in International Studies No. 10. University of Sheffield, 1992
  • Hensman, Rohini. “Ukraine and the Contested Meaning of Nonalignment.” Foreign Policy in Focus, August 1, 2023
  • Hofman, Ivan. “Komitet za kulturu i umetnost pri Vladi FNRJ.” Arhiv Vol. 2 (2001): 42–48
  • Horvat, Srećko. “Josip Broz Tito and Che Guevara speak.” Progressive International, 6.1.2023
  • Jagduhn, Nataša. “Yugoslavia’s Window to Africa: The Establishment of the Museum of African Art Belgrade as a Product of the Cultural Politics of Nonalignment.” H-Soz-Kult, 27.02.2021
  • Jakovina, Tvrtko. Treća strana Hladnog rata. Zaprešić: Fraktura, 2011
  • _________. “Yugoslavia on the International Scene: The Active Coexistence of Non-Aligned Yugoslavia.” YU Historija, undated
  • Jazić, Živojin. “The Non-Aligned Movement Yesterday and Today – in the Process of Globalisation: Critical View.” Croatian International Relations Review (2005): 59-66
  • Jovanović, J. “Prefabricating Non-alignment: The IMS Žeželj System Across the Decolonized World.” In: João Mascarenhas-Mateus and Ana Paula Pires, eds. History of Construction Cultures Volume 1. London: CRC Press, 2021, pp. 311–318
  • Kardelj, Edvard. Yugoslavia in International Relations and in the Nonaligned Movement. Belgrade: Socialist Thought and Practice, 1979
  • Keethaponcalan, S.I. “Reshaping the Non‑Aligned Movement: challenges and vision.” Bandung: Journal of Global South Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016)
  • Kilibarda, Konstantin. “Non-Aligned Geographies in the Balkans: Space, Race and Image in the Construction of New ‘European’ Foreign Policies.” In: Abhinava Kumar and Derek Maisonville, eds. Security Beyond the Discipline. Emerging Dialogues on Global Politics. Selected Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the York Centre for International and Security Studies. Toronto, 2010, pp. 27–57
  • Kocić, Dragana & Dragana Konstantinović. “Models of State Spectacle in Yugoslavia. The First Conference of the Non-Aligned Movement.” Facta Universitatis Vol. 21, No 1 – Architecture and Civil Engineering (2023): 131–148
  • Kochler, H. ed. The Principles of Non-Alignment. Vienna: International Progress Organization, 1982
  • Kolešnik, Ljiljana. “Yugoslav Art Colonies – International Cultural Exchange, and Public Cultural Diplomacy ‘From Below’.” In: Darko Fritz, ed. 20th Century Heritage. 2022 Symposium Proceedings. Korčula: Siva Zona, 2025, pp. 52–67
  • Krstić, Marija. 2010. “Tito kao turista.” Etnoantropološki problemi 5 (2): 141–164
  • Kuč, Nedžad. “Southern African Students in Southeast Europe: Education and Experiences in 1960s Yugoslavia.” In: Lena Dallywater, Chris Saunders, and Helder Adegar Fonseca, eds. Southern African Liberation Movements and the Global Cold War ‘East’ Transnational Activism 1960–1990. Berlin: de Gruyter Brill, 2019, pp. 181–196
  • Kulić, Vladimir. “New Belgrade and Socialist Yugoslavia’s Three Globalisations.” International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity Vol. 2, No. 2 (2014): 125–153
  • Kullaa, R. Non-Alignment and Its Origins in Cold War Europe: Yugoslavia, Finland and the Soviet Challenge. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012
  • Lazarević Radak, Sanja. “The Non-Aligned Child: the Magazine Zmaj and the Political Socialization in Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1966–1971).” In: Petya Bankova et al. eds. Sociocultural Dimensions of Childhood. Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2020, pp. 91
  • Lazic, Milorad. “Comrades in Arms: Yugoslav Military Aid to Liberation Movements of Angola and Mozambique, 1961–1976.” In: Dallywater, Lena, Chris Saunders, and Helder Adegar Fonseca, eds. Southern African Liberation Movements and the Global Cold War ‘East’: Transnational Activism 1960–1990. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2019, pp. 151–179
  • __________. “Arsenal of the Global South: Yugoslavia’s Military Aid to Nonaligned Countries and Liberation Movements.” Nationalities Papers Vol. 49 No. 3 (2021): 428–445
  • Lee, Christopher, ed. Making a World after Empire: The Bandung Moment and Its Political Afterlives. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2019
  • Liotta, P.H. “Paradigm Lost: Yugoslav Self-Management and the Economics of Disaster.” Balkanologie Vol. V, No. 1–2 (2001): 1–18
  • Lüthi, Lorenz M. “The Non-Aligned Movement and the Cold War, 1961–1973.” Journal of Cold War Studies Vol. 18, No. 4 – Neutrality and Nonalignment in World Politics during the Cold War (2016): 98–147
  • Majstorović, Stevan. Cultural Policy in Yugoslavia. Paris: UNESCO, 1972 
  • Mates, Leo. Međunarodni odnosi socijalističke Jugoslavije. Belgrade: Nolit, 1976
  • Mićić, Srđan & Jovan Čavoški, eds. On the Fault Lines of European and World Politics: Yugoslavia between Alliances and Neutrality/Non-Alignment. Beograd: Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije, 2022
  • Miholjcic, Nina. “The Non-Aligned Movement: In Pursuit of Validity and Relevance in the Contemporary Global Order.” Caucasus Strategic Perspectives Vol. 1, No. 1 (2020)
  • Misra, K. P. and K. R. Narayanan, eds. Non- Aligned in Contemporary International Relations. New Delhi: Vikas, 1981
  • Mišković, Nataša. “The Pre-history of the Non-Aligned Movement: India’s First Contacts with the Communist Yugoslavia, 1948–50.” India Quarterly Vol. 65, No. 2 (2009): 185–200
  • Mišković, Nataša, Harald Fischer-Tiné & Nada Boškovska, eds. The Non-Aligned Movement and the Cold War: Delhi – Bandung – Belgrade. London: Routledge, 2014
  • Oklopčić, Zoran. “Triple Struggle: Non Alignment, Yugoslavia, and National, Social and Geopolitical Emancipation.” In Luis Eslava, Michael Fakhri & Vasuki Nesiah, eds. Bandung, the Global South, and International Law: Critical Pasts and Pending Futures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 276–292
  • Petković, Ranko. Nesvrstana Jugoslavija i savremeni svet: spoljna politika Jugoslavije 1945–1985. Zagreb, Školska knjiga, 1985
  • Petrović, Tanja. “Seeing the Futures Past, and Futures yet to Come: On the (Im)possibility of Reading the Promises of Liberation from the Visual Archive of the Non-Aligned Movement in the Aftermath of the Yugoslav Socialism.” Membrana – Journal of Photography, Theory and Visual Culture Vol. 6, No. 1 (2021): 45–59
  • __________. “When Che Guevara Visited Yugoslavia: On Possibilities of Remembering in the Aftermath of the Yugoslav Socialist Project.” In: Naum Trajanovski et al., eds. Cultures and Politics of Remembrance: Southeast European and Balkan Perspectives. Skopje: forumZFD, 2021, pp. 41–52
  • Petrović, Vladimir. “Josip Broz Tito’s Summit Diplomacy in the International Relations of Socialist Yugoslavia 1944–1961.” Annales Vol. 24, No. (2014): 577–592
  • Piškur, Bojana. “The Non-aligned Movement and Cultural Politics in the Former Yugoslavia.” Paper presented at the “Bandung Humanisms” Conference, Columbia University, New York, April 16, 2014
  • __________. “Cultural Cross-pollination or Cultural Misunderstanding? A case of non-aligned Yugoslavia.” Issue Arts Journal 09 – Mobilities (2020)
  • __________. “Troubles with the East(s).” L’internationale (2024)
  • Piškur, Bojana, ed. Southern Constellations: The Poetics of the Non-Aligned. Moderna galerija, Ljubljana, 2019
  • Popadić, Uroš. Yugoslavia and the Non Aligned Movement Between Crises and Detente, 1966–1974. Belgrade: European Center for Peace and Development, 2023
  • Radonjić, Nemanja. “Kulturna diplomatija nesvrstane Jugoslavije – odbljesak zaboravljenog nasleđa.” Kultura No. 173 (2021): 137
  • __________. “Anti-Colonial Constellations: The Belgrade All-African Students Conference of 1962.” In: Chris Saunders, Helder Adegar Fonseca, and Lena Dallywater, eds. Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union, and Africa New Perspectives on the Era of Decolonization, 1950s to 1990s. Berlin: de Gruyter Brill, 2023
  • Rajak, Svetozar. “No bargaining chips, no spheres of interest: the Yugoslav origins of Cold War non-alignment.” Journal of Cold War Studies Vol. 16, No. 1 (2014): 146–179
  • Rubinstein, Alvin Z. Yugoslavia and the Nonaligned World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970
  • Sekulić, Dubravka. “Constructing a Non-aligned Modernity: The Case of Energoprojekt.” In: Maroje Mrduljaš and Vladimir Kulić, eds. Unfinished Modernisations: Between Utopia and Pragmatism. Zagreb: Croatian Architects’ Association, 2012, pp. 122–133
  • Simić, Bojan. “Diplomatic Relations Between Yugoslavia and Chile, 1947-1950: From Severance to Renewal.” Journal of Historical Researches Vol. 32 (2021): 206–220
  • __________. “Socijalistička Jugoslavija i države Južne Amerike (1946-1950) – uspostavljanje diplomatskih i ekonomskih odnosa.” Tokovi istorije Vol. 30 No. 2 (2022): 73-99
  • __________. “Brazil u politici socijalističke Jugoslavije (1946-1952).”  Tokovi istorije Vol. 31 No. 3 (2023): 133–156
  • Smolič, Žiga. “Jugoslavija i Palestinska Revolucija.” In: Husnija Kamberović, ed. Reprezentacije nasilja u Jugoistočnoj Evropi 20. stoljeća: zbornik radova. Sarajevo: Udruženje za modernu historiju/Udruga za modernu povijest, 2022, pp. 241–262
  • Spaskovska, Ljubica. “Building a better world? Construction, labour mobility and the pursuit of collective self-reliance in the ‘global South’, 1950–1990.” Labor History (2019)
  • __________. “Transformations of Global Citizenship in the Former Yugoslavia: The Legacies of Yugoslav Non-aligned Multilateralism.” In: Othon Anastasakis et al, eds. The Legacy of Yugoslavia: Politics, Economics and Society in the Modern Balkans. London: I.B. Tauris, 2020, pp. 81–97
  • __________. “Constructing the ‘City of International Solidarity’.” Journal of World History Vol. 31, No. 1 (2020): 137–164
  • __________. “‘Crude’ Alliance – Economic Decolonisation and Oil Power in the Non-Aligned World.” Contemporary European History Vol. 30, No. 4 (2021): 528–543
  • Spaskovska, Ljubica, James Mark & Florian Bieber. “Introduction: Internationalism in Times of Nationalism: Yugoslavia, Nonalignment, and the Cold War.” Nationalities Papers Vol. 49 No. 3 (2021): 409–412
  • Spaskovska, Ljubica & Anna Calori. “A Nonaligned Business World: The Global Socialist Enterprise between Self-Management and Transnational Capitalism.” Nationalities Papers Vol. 49, No. 3 (2021): 413–427
  • Srivastana, R. India and the Nonaligned Summits: Belgrade to Jakarta. London: Northern Book Centre, 1993
  • Stanek, Łukasz. Architecture in Global Socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa, and the Middle East in the Cold War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020
  • Stojković, M. Tito-Nehru-Naser – Nastanak i razvoj politike i pokreta nesvrstanosti Tito- diplomatija. Zaječar, RO za grafičko-izdavačku delatnost, 1983
  • Strydom, Hennie. “The Non-Aligned Movement and the Reform of International Relations.” Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Vol. 11 (2007): 1-46
  • Stubbs, Paul. “The Emancipatory Afterlives of Non-Aligned Internationalism.” Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung (January 2020)
  • __________. “Yugocentrism and the Study of the Non-Aligned Movement: Towards a Decolonial Historiography.” History in Flux Vol. 3 (2021): 133–155
  • __________. “Socialist Yugoslavia and the Nonaligned Movement: Decolonial Contradictions.” Postcolonial Politics (2023)
  • __________. “The Non-Aligned Movement Then and Now.” Green European Journal, 8 November 2023
  • Stubbs, Paul, ed. Socialist Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement: Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic Imaginaries. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2023
  • Subotic, Jelena & Srđan Vucetic. 2017. “Performing Solidarity: Whiteness and Status-seeking in the Nonaligned World.” Journal of International Relations and Development Vol. 22, No. 3 (2017): 722–743
  • Tadić, Bojana. Istorijski razvoj politike nesvrstavanja 1946–1966. Beograd: Institut za međunarodnu politiku i privredu, 1968
  • __________. Nesvrstanost u teoriji i praksi međunarodnih odnosa. Beograd: Institut za međunarodnu politiku i privredu, 1976
  • __________. Osobenosti i dileme nesvrstanosti. Beograd: Izdavački centar Komunist, 1982
  • __________. “Pokret nesvrstanosti – šta činiti posle Hararea.” In: Tito-nesvrstanost- savremenost. Beograd: Memorijalni centar ‘Josip Broz Tito’, 1988
  • By Tarrósy, István. “Need for non-alignment in our global world? The Non-Aligned Movement Today and Tomorrow.” Croatian International Relations Review Vol. XI, No. 40/41 (2006)
  • Tot, Dora. “Translating Humanitarian Aid into Technical Cooperation: Yugoslavia’s Medical Assistance to the Algerian National Liberation Movement (1958–1965).” The International History Review, Vol. 46 No. 6 (2024): 769–784
  • __________. Odnosi Jugoslavije i Alžira u prvoj polovici 1960.- ih: strategija izgradnje meke moći. Master’s thesis / Diplomski rad. University of Zagreb, 2018
  • Turajlić, Mila. “Filmske Novosti: Filmed Diplomacy.” Nationalities Papers Vol. 49, No. 3 (2021): 483–503
  • Unkovski-Korica, Vladimir. “Non-aligned Cities in the Cold War: Municipal Internationalism, Town Twinning and the Standing Conference of Towns of Yugoslavia, c.1950–c.1985.” The International History Review Vol. 44, No. 3 (2022): 559–576
  • Van Dinh, Tran. “Non-Alignment and Cultural Imperialism.” The Black Scholar Vol. 8, No. 3 – The Non-Aligned Movement (1976): 39–49
  • Videkanić, Bojana. Nonaligned Modernism: Socialist Postcolonial Aesthetics in Yugoslavia, 1945-1985. Montreal, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2019
  • __________. “Nonaligned Modernism: Yugoslav Culture, Nonaligned Cultural Diplomacy, and Transnational Solidarity.” Nationalities Papers Vol. 49, No. 3 (2021): 504–522
  • Vučetić, Radina i Pol Bets (Paul Betts), eds. Tito u Africi: Slike solidarnosti. Beograd: Muzej Jugoslavije, 2017
  • Vučetić, Radina. “The Exhibition: Exhibitions as Spaces of Cultural Encounter—Yugoslavia and Africa.” In: Kristin Roth-Ey, ed. Socialist Internationalism and the Gritty Politics of the Particular: Second-Third World Spaces in the Cold War. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2023, pp. 77–96
  • Vukman, Peter. “The Foreign Office on Yugoslavia and the First Congress of the Non-Aligned Movement (1961).” Mediterrán Tanulmányok (2012): 41–52
  • Vuković, Vuk. “Cultural Diplomacy and the Transnational Networks of the Gallery of Art of the Non-Aligned Countries ‘Josip Broz Tito’.” Post, July 24, 2024
  • “Weekly Summary Special Report. Yugoslavia: Twenty Years of Self-Management.” Washington, DC: Directorate of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1969
  • “Weekly Summary Special Report. The Third Nonaligned Summit: The Swan Song of Yugoslav Predominance.” Washington, DC: Directorate of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 4 September 1970
  • Wright, Peter. “Between the Market and Solidarity: Commercializing Development Aid and International Higher Education in Socialist Yugoslavia.” Nationalities Papers (2020): 1–21
  • __________. ““Are there Racists in Yugoslavia?” Debating Racism and Anti-blackness in Socialist Yugoslavia.” Slavic Review Vol. 81, No. 2 (2022): 418–441
  • Zaccaria, Benedetto. “Learning from Yugoslavia? Western Europe and the Myth of Self-Management (1968–1975).” In: Michel Christian, Sandrine Kott, Ondřej Matějka, eds. Planning in Cold War Europe: Competition, Cooperation, Circulations (1950s–1970s). Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter, 2018
  • Zimmerman, William. Open Borders, Nonalignment, and the Political Evolution of Yugoslavia. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987

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